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Finds the image to world plane transformation matrix using multiple grids, using sparse world coordinate information.
Name | Type | Range | Description | |
---|---|---|---|---|
inImageGrids | AnnotatedPoint2DArrayArray | Array of annotated calibration grids. | ||
inLabeledWorldPoints | AnnotatedPoint2DArrayArray | Sparse array of world coordinate points. Annotations need to correspond to those in the inImageGrid input. | ||
inCameraModel | AnyCameraModel* | For undistortion of inGridImagePoints. If not supplied, the filter will assume that grids came from undistorted images. | ||
inGridSpacing | Real* | 0.000001 - | World distance between grid indices. Used when spacing cannot be computed from supplied inLabeledWorldPoints. | |
inGridThickness | Real | The world plane will be shifted by given amount in direction perpendicular to the grid to compensate for grid thickness. | ||
inInvertedWorldY | Bool | Set to true if world coordinate system has right-handed orientation, also known as mathematical or standard. | ||
outTransform | RectificationTransform | |||
outGridWorldPoints | AnnotatedPoint2DArrayArray | For each grid: Array of world coordinates of the calibration grid points. | ||
outComputedGridSpacing | Real? | World distance between grid indices. NIL when there is no enough information to compute the spacing. | ||
outRmsImageError | Real | RMS reprojection error of inImageGrids onto the image plane, in pixels. This is a partial error characterizing inaccuracies in perspective estimation, excluding the influence of world point labeling. | ||
outRmsWorldError | Real | RMS reprojection error of inLabeledGridIds onto the world plane, in world units. This is a partial error characterizing inaccuracies with labeling of world coordinate system, excluding perspective estimation. | ||
outMaxReprojectionErrors | RealArray | For each grid: Maximum reprojection error of inImageGrids onto the image plane, in pixels. This is a partial error characterizing inaccuracies in perspective estimation, excluding the influence of world point labeling. | ||
outReprojectionErrorSegments | Segment2DArrayArray | For each grid: Array of segments connecting inImageGrid points to their reprojections. Note that these segments depict only inaccuracies in perspective estimation, excluding inaccuracies due to the world point labeling. | ||
outGridRotations | RealArray | Grids' rotations on the world plane. | ||
outGridTranslations | Vector2DArray | Grids' positions on the world plane. |
Applications
Description
The filter estimates the correspondence between the image plane and a "world plane" – a given planar surface in observed space. It is capable of using a multiple grids with sparse world coordinate information - i.e. grids for which only a few world plane coordinates are known.
The image plane, and thus inImageGrids points are assumed to be distorted, and to correct for the distortion the inCameraModel (calibration data) needs to be provided. The calculated result – outTransform contains all the information for transforming the distorted image plane to the world plane.
Currently, only pinhole camera model is supported, so the planar correspondence used is a homography.
For each grid, the algorithm requires at least four inImageGrids points. At least two inLabeledWorldPoints (in total, among all grids) are required to uniquely determine the outTransform.
The filter provides a few methods for judging the feasibility of calculated solution.
- The outRmsImageError and outRmsWorldError could show if the error is due to the inImageGrids or inLabeledWorldPoints errors. Model mismatch (i.e. trying to calibrate a non-planar object, e.g. wavy surface) will also result in increased reprojection errors. Large difference between outRmsImageError and outMaxReprojectionErrors could be a sign of presence of outliers in inImageGrids input data.
- The outReprojectionErrorSegments consists of segments connecting input image points to reprojected world points, and thus it can be readily used for visualization of per-point reprojection errors (excluding the errors due to incorrect world plane labeling).
Hints
- Image to world plane coordinate transform can be obtained from as few as 4 image points (inImageGrids points), however high accuracy calculations need a considerable amount of high quality calibration points. The calibration plane should contain about hundred points, spanning whole area of interest. Take care of proper conditions when taking the calibration images: reduce vibrations that may yield motion blur, prevent reflections from the calibration surface (ideally use diffusion lighting).
- The output reprojection errors are useful tool for assessing the feasibility of computed solution. Note, that the filter outputs two RMS metrics: outRmsImageError and outRmsWorldError. The outRmsImageError characterizes inaccuracies in perspective estimation, it is not influenced by world coordinate labeling. On the other hand, the outRmsWorldError characterizes inaccuracies with labeling of grid 2D world coordinate system, excluding perspective estimation. In order for a solution to be feasible, both these errors must be low.
Errors
This filter can throw an exception to report error. Read how to deal with errors in Error Handling.
List of possible exceptions:
Error type | Description |
---|---|
DomainError | Array inImageGrids and inLabeledWorldPoints sizes differ |
DomainError | inGridSpacing needs to be positive |
Complexity Level
This filter is available on Expert Complexity Level.
Filter Group
This filter is member of CalibrateWorldPlane filter group.
See Also
- CalibrateWorldPlane_Default – Finds the image to world plane transformation matrix. World plane origin and axes are unspecified. Useful for image rectification or distance measurements.
- CalibrateWorldPlane_OffgridOrigin – Finds the image to world plane transformation matrix, with world origin and axes specified in the image coordinates. Note that this is a filter for rather rarely seen special cases and it is usually better to use the CalibrateWorldPlane_Labeled filter.
- CalibrateWorldPlane_Labeled – Finds the image to world plane transformation matrix using sparse world coordinate information, i.e. world coordinates are known for only a few points of the grid.
- CalibrateWorldPlane_Manual – Finds the image to world plane transformation matrix. Image and their corresponding world points are directly specified (no grid needed).
- CalibrateCamera_Pinhole – Finds the camera intrinsic parameters from the input arrays of annotated image coordinates. Uses pinhole camera model (perspective camera).
- CalibrateCamera_Telecentric – Finds the telecentric camera intrinsic parameters from the input arrays of annotated image coordinates.
- ImagePointsToWorldPlane – Finds the world coordinates of image Points.
- WorldPlanePointsToImage – Finds the image coordinates of world plane Points.
- CreateRectificationMap_PixelUnits – Computes a spatial map for transforming distorted images to rectified images defined in world coordinate plane. Defines the output geometry in pixels.
- CreateRectificationMap_WorldUnits – Computes a spatial map for transforming distorted images to rectified images defined in world coordinate plane. Defines the output geometry in world units.