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CalibrateWorldPlane_Default


Finds the image to world plane transformation matrix. World plane origin and axes are unspecified. Useful for image rectification or distance measurements.

Name Type Range Description
inImageGrid AnnotatedPoint2DArray Annotated calibration grid
inCameraModel AnyCameraModel* For undistortion of inImageGrid. If not supplied, the filter will assume that grid came from undistorted image.
inGridSpacing Real 0.000001 - Real-world distance between adjacent grid points.
inGridThickness Real The world plane will be shifted by given amount in direction perpendicular to the grid to compensate for grid thickness.
outTransform RectificationTransform
outRmsError Real RMS reprojection error, in pixels.
outMaxReprojectionError Real Maximum reprojection error, in pixels.
outReprojectionErrorSegments Segment2DArray Array of segments connecting input image points to grid reprojections.

Applications

Image rectification, distance measurements.

Description

The filter estimates the correspondence between the image plane and a "world plane" – a given planar surface in observed space. The image plane, and thus inImageGrid points are assumed to be distorted, and to correct for the distortion the inCameraModel (calibration data) needs to be provided. The calculated result – outTransform contains all the information for transforming the distorted image plane to the world plane.

The inCameraModel is also used to define the type of the planar correspondence. For a standard projective camera (pinhole camera), the planar correspondence is a homography. If the inCameraModel is a telecentric camera, the planar correspondence is affine (as there are no perspective parameters in orthographic projection). If no inCameraModel is provided, the filter defaults to homography.

The homography requires at least four inImageGrid points. The affine relation requires at least three.

The filter provides a few methods for judging the feasibility of calculated solution.

  • The outRmsError and outMaxReprojectionError. The main contributor to these values is the random noise in inImageGrid points positions. Model mismatch (i.e. trying to calibrate a non-planar object, e.g. wavy surface) will also result in increased reprojection errors. Large difference between outRmsError and outMaxReprojectionError could be a sign of presence of outliers in input data.
  • The outReprojectionErrorSegments consists of segments connecting input image points to reprojected world points, and thus it can be readily used for visualization of per-point reprojection errors.

Hints

  • Image to world plane coordinate transform can be obtained from as few as 4 point correspondences, however high accuracy calculations need a considerable amount of high quality calibration points. The calibration plane should contain about hundred points, spanning whole area of interest. Take care of proper conditions when taking the calibration images: reduce vibrations that may yield motion blur, prevent reflections from the calibration surface (ideally use diffusion lighting).

Examples

Good case of image to world plane calibration using high amount of calibration points. Calibration resulted in RMS and maximum reprojection errors less than 1.0, as expected. The outReprojectionErrorSegments are not visible at that scale.

Example of a gross error. The RMS reprojection error is 17.6, max reprojection error is 91.2, source of these errors is clearly visible thanks to outReprojectionErrorSegments: the association of image points and their grid coordinates in inImageGrid is wrong.

Errors

This filter can throw an exception to report error. Read how to deal with errors in Error Handling.

List of possible exceptions:

Error type Description
DomainError inGridSpacing needs to be positive

Complexity Level

This filter is available on Advanced Complexity Level.

Filter Group

This filter is member of CalibrateWorldPlane filter group.

See Also

  • CalibrateWorldPlane_OffgridOrigin – Finds the image to world plane transformation matrix, with world origin and axes specified in the image coordinates. Note that this is a filter for rather rarely seen special cases and it is usually better to use the CalibrateWorldPlane_Labeled filter.
  • CalibrateWorldPlane_Labeled – Finds the image to world plane transformation matrix using sparse world coordinate information, i.e. world coordinates are known for only a few points of the grid.
  • CalibrateWorldPlane_Multigrid – Finds the image to world plane transformation matrix using multiple grids, using sparse world coordinate information.
  • CalibrateWorldPlane_Manual – Finds the image to world plane transformation matrix. Image and their corresponding world points are directly specified (no grid needed).
  • CalibrateCamera_Pinhole – Finds the camera intrinsic parameters from the input arrays of annotated image coordinates. Uses pinhole camera model (perspective camera).
  • CalibrateCamera_Telecentric – Finds the telecentric camera intrinsic parameters from the input arrays of annotated image coordinates.
  • CreateRectificationMap_PixelUnits – Computes a spatial map for transforming distorted images to rectified images defined in world coordinate plane. Defines the output geometry in pixels.
  • CreateRectificationMap_WorldUnits – Computes a spatial map for transforming distorted images to rectified images defined in world coordinate plane. Defines the output geometry in world units.